12 is the smallest sublime number. The next number so uniquely versatile is 6086555670238378989670371734243169622657830773351885970528324860512791691264.
12 hours on a clock, 12 months in a year, 12 planets, 12 signs of the zodiac
12 major colors, 12 major notes in an octave and 12 major chords.
12 modes in the pentatonic scale
12 is the smallest "Kissing Number" in three dimensions.
The dodecahedron is 12 pentagrams attached and folded together.